{"id":161,"count":4,"description":"Barley originally comes from the Near East and the eastern Balkan and is one of the oldest crop cereals used in Central Europe. It is found as long as 15,000 B.C. ago. In antiquity (800 B.C. \u2013 600 A.D) it was planted in Mesopotamia and at the Nile, in the Neolithic (5,500 B.C.) also in Europe. Cultivated barley probably originated from natural mutants grown and nurtured by humans, so that seeds don\u2019t immediately fall out with maturity.\r\nBarley was cultivated up to 1800m elevation. It has little requirements for water, a short vegetation period and a broad temperature amplitude (from 5-10 degrees to 30 degrees soil temperature). The eared fruit with long awns is discriminated into two forms based on the ears, the two-row and multi-row forms. The two-row forms develop one corn per attachment site, which is fully and strongly developed. With the multi-row forms there are the corns per attachment site, which are less developed.\r\nWild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp spontaneum)\r\nCultured barley (Hordeum vulgare sssp vulgare)\r\nTwo row barley (Hordeum vulgare f. distichon)\r\nMulti row barley \r\nPearl barley (Hordeum vulgare f hexastichon)\r\nHordeum vulgare f agriochriton\r\nHordeum vulgare var coeleste L.\r\nHordeum vulgare var. trifurcatum (Schlechtendal) Alefeld\r\nTwo row barleys (usually summer barley) are used to make beer as brewery barley (malt). Four and six row barley are usually winter barley, which are planted in autumn and need vernalization to flower. Thanks to efficient use of winter humidity the yields are larger and the nutrients favourable for the use as animal food barley.\r\n\r\nLiterature\r\nMiedaner, Thomas (2014): Kulturpflanzen: Botanik -- Geschichte -- Perspektiven. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 364255292-2\r\nSchilperoord, Peer (2013) : Kulturpflanzen in der Schweiz \u2013 Gerste. Alvaneu Dorf: Verein f\u00fcr alpine Kulturpflanzen. ISBN 978-3-9524176-8-3 \r\nZohary, Daniel; Hopf, Maria; Weiss, Ehud (2012): Domestication of plants in the Old World. The origin and spread of domesticated plants in Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean Basin. 4. Aufl. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0199549061","link":"https:\/\/fundus.rsr.bio\/en\/category\/pflanzen\/getreide-und-pseudogetreide\/gerste\/","name":"Barley","slug":"gerste","taxonomy":"category","parent":23,"meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundus.rsr.bio\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/161","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundus.rsr.bio\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundus.rsr.bio\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taxonomies\/category"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundus.rsr.bio\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/23"}],"wp:post_type":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundus.rsr.bio\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts?categories=161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}